Nerve Decompression or Repair

What is nerve decompression or repair?

Nerve decompression or repair is a surgical treatment that relieves pressure on — or restores — damaged nerves in the hand, wrist or forearm. These nerves control muscle movement and sensation, so when they are injured or compressed, you may experience pain, weakness, numbness or tingling.

At Novant Health, our orthopedic hand and wrist surgeons use advanced microsurgical techniques to relieve compressed nerves or reconnect injured ones. Our goal is to relieve symptoms, restore function and help you return to the activities you enjoy.

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Your hand and wrist contain bones, arteries and tendons that can be impacted by overuse or injury.

A look at hand and wrist anatomy

The hand and wrist contain three main nerves: the median, ulnar and radial nerves. Each nerve passes through tunnels and spaces surrounded by muscles, tendons and ligaments. In areas such as the carpal tunnel at the wrist or a narrow tunnel in the palm, swelling or injury can press on these nerves, causing pain, weakness or loss of function. Direct trauma, deep cuts or fractures can also damage nerves and may require surgical repair.

Overview

When surgery is the best option

Our surgeons may recommend nerve decompression or repair when:

Nerve compression causes persistent numbness, weakness or pain that does not improve with rest, splinting or therapy
An injury has severed or stretched a nerve, disrupting sensation or movement in the hand or fingers
Diagnostic tests, such as nerve conduction studies or imaging, show significant nerve damage or compression
Pressure on the nerve can affect hand function over time or cause muscles to weaken

Your hand and wrist specialist will carefully evaluate your symptoms, medical history and diagnostic results to determine the most effective treatment.

Types of nerve procedures

Nerve decompression

During decompression, your surgeon gently releases tight tissue or ligament structures pressing on a nerve. This may involve opening the carpal tunnel or another passageway to reduce pressure and restore normal nerve function. Decompression can gradually improve pain, tingling and hand strength as the nerve recovers.

Nerve repair or grafting

If a nerve has been cut or severely damaged, your surgeon may reconnect the ends directly or use a nerve graft to bridge a gap. This delicate procedure is performed under magnification with microsurgical tools and fine sutures. Restoring nerve continuity gives the best chance for sensation and movement to return as the nerve regenerates.

Recovery expectations

Healing after nerve surgery varies depending on the procedure and the extent of injury. Recovery may take several months as nerves regenerate slowly. You will typically begin with a protective splint, followed by gentle exercises guided by a certified hand therapist. Our team closely monitors your progress and helps you regain strength, coordination and confidence in daily activities.

Take the next step

Our board-certified specialists are here to help you heal. They can often diagnose the problem in one visit and get you started with a personalized treatment plan. We offer a wide variety of treatment options.