Concussion testing and management

You may need a concussion evaluation after any impact or trauma to the head. Common causes and situations include: 

• Sports-related collisions, particularly in football, soccer, lacrosse and basketball
• Falls, especially among children and older adults
• Motor vehicle accidents causing rapid head movement
• Direct blows to the head during recreational activities
• Headache, dizziness or balance problems following a head injury
• Confusion, sensitivity to light or noise, or difficulty concentrating
• Mood changes, academic struggles or withdrawal from normal activities in children and teens 

Loss of consciousness doesn't have to occur for a concussion to be present, which is why prompt evaluation matters even after a seemingly mild injury. 

Concussion care is nonsurgical and centers on rest, monitoring and a gradual return to activity. Your evaluation and treatment may include: 

• Neurocognitive testing: Computerized or written assessments that measure memory, reaction time, attention and processing speed, often compared to baseline testing completed before an athlete's season 
• Balance and vestibular testing: Specialized assessments that evaluate the inner ear and visual systems controlling balance and coordination
• Symptom scoring tools: Structured tracking that helps monitor recovery over time
• Imaging studies when necessary: MRI or CT scans to rule out more serious injury if symptoms or exam findings warrant further evaluation
• Cognitive and physical rest: Temporarily limiting screen time, reading and strenuous activity until medically cleared
• Rehabilitation therapy: Vestibular, visual or balance therapy for patients with ongoing dizziness or coordination issues 

Your care team will recommend the right combination of testing and management based on your symptoms, activity level and recovery goals.

Most concussions heal with time, rest and guided rehabilitation. Recovery typically includes: 

• Cognitive rest: Limiting screen time, reading and mentally demanding tasks in the early days after injury 
• Physical rest: Avoiding strenuous exercise or contact sports until cleared by your care team
• Gradual return-to-play protocol: A stepwise increase in activity under medical supervision to make sure symptoms don't return
• Rehabilitation therapy: Vestibular, visual or balance therapy when dizziness or coordination issues persist
• Education and guidance: Clear instructions for patients, families and coaches to support a safe recovery 

Most people recover within days to weeks, though timelines vary from person to person. Your care team will monitor your progress closely and adjust your plan as needed. Some patients experience prolonged symptoms, known as post-concussion syndrome, where headaches, fatigue or concentration difficulties persist for weeks or months. In these cases, a multidisciplinary team can build a comprehensive plan addressing physical, cognitive and emotional needs. 

Concussions require careful, individualized care, and your care team will walk you through what to expect at every step. Returning to physical or cognitive demands too quickly can delay recovery and increase the chance of prolonged symptoms, which is why a gradual, supervised return to activity matters. 

Seek immediate emergency care if symptoms worsen after a head injury, including severe headache, repeated vomiting, slurred speech, increasing confusion or unusual drowsiness. Your care team will discuss your specific risks, answer your questions and help you understand what a safe recovery looks like for you.